How To Add Chrome Apps To Dock

EASY, No software/installation required!

STEP 1: Simply navigate to the page you want to run/launch as a Web Application (e.g. https://www.gmail.com) using an existing or newly open Chrome tab/window.

STEP 2: Create the "Chrome Application" and OS level "shortcut"...
1. Click on the hamburger/'three dots menu' button in the top far right of Chrome.
2. Select 'More Tools ►'
3. 'Add to Applications…' or 'Create Shortcut...' (has changed over time/versions)
4. A small window will pop up - make changes to the Title as you like
5. Check/Tick 'Open in (Separate) Window'

STEP 3: Using/Customizing Your "App"/ "Shortcut" / "Dock Icon":
- The Shortcut should have been created in either (with the Finder automatically launching a new window open to the folder):
  1. the root of your "System Applications" folder (/Applications)... or...
  2. a subfolder for all Chrome Apps (probably /Applications/Chrome Apps)... or...
  3. the root of your "User Applications" folder (/Users/<your username>/Applications/Chrome Apps)
- you will notice the .app extension on the folder name if you have enabled the "show extensions" setting for the Finder (Mac file explorer)
- the "shortcut" itself acts like most other apps, i.e., Apps in MacOS (Since at least 2016) are actually special System FOLDERS...
- however, by default when you CLICK on the folder in Finder (Mac's file explorer), it launches the app instead of actually entering/navigating into the folder.
- to see the app's details, use RIGHT-CLICK > 'Show Package Contents' on the folder to enter/navigate/see its contents (e.g. <my app>/Content, <my app>/Content/Resources, etc.)
- you can modify these subfolders to customize your App/Shortcut (i.e change the icon, customize the launch by modifying profiles, or opening with special (command-line) flags, etc..)
- Move, copy, and use the shortcut anyway you'd like, using it like any other icon/shortcut on the desktop or Mac Dock
- When using it in the dock, it should use its own "running indicator" separate from any other Chrome Apps or Chrome itself. However, it will still appear as a running window in the actual Chrome App Dock Icon.

NOTE: Since (at least) 2021-12-06, the following steps are unnecessary.

The following are included just to be thorough/complete, for backward compatibility, and for Troubleshooting purposes.

OPTIONAL STEPS / TROUBLESHOOTING:
(the following were needed on an earlier Chrome version, when these features/flags were not part of the stable build):

(Re)Enable Chrome's feature to create OS level** [shortcuts to] "applications"
- type chrome://flags in Chrome's address bar.
- find the following settings:
  1. The new bookmark app system
  2. Allow hosted apps to be opened in windows
  3. Creation of app shims for hosted apps on Mac
  4. Quit notification for hosted apps
- Change/set these flag settings so that look like this (screenshot):
Restart Chrome